Category: articles250

Subnets and subnet masks

One of the most complex tasks TCP/IP has to perform is to determine whether or not a given IP address exists on the same subnet. The task isn’t really that complicated once you understand how TCP/IP uses its IP address and subnet mask.
An IP address looks something like this: 192.168.10.52. IP addresses always contain four numbers from 0–255, separated by periods. A portion of the IP address is called the network ID and acts as a unique identifier for a particular subnet.
The rest of the IP address is called the host ID and identifies a particular computer or network device on that subnet uniquely. How can you tell which part of the IP address is which? By using the subnet mask. A subnet mask looks a lot like an IP address, with four groups of numbers: 255.255.255.0. Remember, computers are binary machines that can understand only in zeros and ones. For the subnet mask to make sense, you have to translate it and the IP address
into binary.
You can switch the Windows Calculator into Scientific view, which enables you to convert numbers from decimal to binary.
Tip
Convert all the four groups (octets) of numbers into binary code. For example, an IP address of 192.168.10.41 and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 look like this in binary:

Address or Mask 1st octet 2nd octet 3rd octet 4th octet
192.168.10.41 11000000 10101000 00001010 00101001
255.255.255.0 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000

Everyplace you see a “1” in the subnet mask corresponds to the portion of the IP address that is the network ID. Everyplace you see a “0” in the subnet mask corresponds
to the portion of the IP address that is the host ID. Here, the network ID is 192.168.10, and the host ID is 41.TCP/IP treats everything with an IP address that starts with 192.168.10 as if it were on the same subnet. Any IP address that starts with something other than 192.168.10 is treated as if it existed on another subnet.
Basic TCP/IP Services
A number of the protocols in the TCP/IP suite are considered core protocols, which means they are usually present on any network that uses TCP/IP. The core protocols provide basic services that no network can do without. These services include
_ Data transmission. Is handled by more than one protocol: the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and the Transport Control Protocol (TCP). Computers use UDP when they need to send a small packet of data and don’t care if the remote computer actually receives the data. Computers use TCP when loads of data needs to be transmitted because TCP allows the remote computer to reply, confirming its receipt of the data.
_ Name resolution. Provided by the Domain Name System, or DNS, protocol. DNS enables people to use easy-to-remember names like www.microsoft.com and allows computers to translate those names to numeric IP addresses.
_ Windows Internet Name System (WINS). Prior versions of Windows also use WINS to convert computer names into IP addresses. Windows Server 2003 is compatible with WINS.

References:
Sybex(2003): Mastering Windows Server 2003 (pp. NONE, see Security Policies)

An individual’s home is the biggest asset that one has at his disposal. A home to back you up when you need a loan is one of the greatest advantages of home ownership. In recent years, there has been a major boom in the amount of people looking to use their homes as a way to get access to extra money when they need it most. One of the best ways to do this is through a second mortgage.
Second mortgage loans are loans that are made in addition to the first mortgage, and it is usually based on the amount of equity that the borrower uses to build into his home. Usually it’s required to fund home renovations. Since the borrower has already been through the process once, the underwriting that is required to get a second mortgage is much simpler than it was the first time around when the borrower had taken the first loan. The cost of the transactions involved will be lower when the borrower applies for the loan second time. This usually happens for the fact that interest rates on the second mortgage are a bit higher than they were on the first one. But then, there are some positive points too. For example, the fact that the interest paid on the loan may be tax deductible. In most cases the interest is 100% fully deductible as long as the combined loan to value of the 1st and 2nd mortgage does not exceed the value of the home.
On a second mortgage, one borrows a fixed sum of money against the home equity, and pays it back after a specific time. The amount borrowed will be combined with the amount the borrower still owes on his first mortgage. But there are a few things that one should keep in mind. First of all, one should not take a second mortgage on his home unless one has made payments on the original mortgage balance for a good amount of time. One may be able to get a second mortgage if one does not have much equity, but then the loan rates will be much higher, and the amount that one can borrow much lower. It will essentially be a waste of time and money.
A second mortgage is a loan that is secured by the equity in ones home. While obtaining a second mortgage loan the lender places a lien on the borrowers’ house. This lien will be recorded in 2nd position after the primary or 1st mortgage lender’s lien, hence the term second mortgage. Second mortgages aren’t for everyone. Borrowing more than 80% of the home’s value will subject the borrower to private mortgage insurance. The monthly payments should also be a factor. If one refinances in the future, he will have to pay off the 2nd mortgage.
Loan proceeds from a second mortgage loan can be used for just about anything. Many consumers take out 2nd mortgage loans to consolidate debt, do home improvements or pay for their children’s college education. Whatever one decides to do with the loan proceeds it is important to remember that if one defaults on then payment then he can lose his home. So one would want to make sure that he is taking the loan out for a worthwhile purpose
Thus we see that a second home loan can be of great help to the borrowers, although the borrower must take steps to ensure that he does not squander away the advantages of second mortgage.

BERLIN

Berlin brings to one’s min the great divide (or wall) that divided the city into two different political entities. However, the new rejuvenated and reunited Berlin is marching ahead into the future post millennium. It is casting itself as the most important new and modernistic city of Continental Europe.

Berlin’s dark past as Hitler’s capital of Nazi atrocities and as the capital of Cold War in the later years, has not escaped the psyche of the local population or the visitors. The popular opinion says that Berliners do not know where they are going, but know their past, and do not want to go back there. After being completely annihilated in the WW II bombings, Berlin has since optimistically rebuilt itself as a modern structure of glass and steel.

The scars still remain, mostly as a tourist attraction. For example the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial church displays the shell of the bell tower that remains, in striking contrast to the modern church constructed to the west, fondly nicknamed “lipstick and powderbox” because of the design.

The contrast between East and West Berlin before the wall fell is still evident since East Berlin proud of its cultural heritage rebuilt its museums and churches whereas West Berlin built new museums and theatres. East and West are still coming together to form a whole Berlin and the process will take its time.

Berlin being the new German capital is living up to its reputation as the dynamic hub of continental Europe, with nightlife being the most exiting and wild. The city after accommodating the German Government as the seat of the new capital has undergone a major facelift with new streets, sky scrapers and rail lines at a whopping cost of more than $100 billion. Most of this has gone into the central district (Mitte) which houses glittering luxury hotels and shopping arcades. The effort in restoration of Unter den Linden to its pre war glory and Hotel Adlon, the most famous hotel in pre war Germany and Europe has been notable. The chic district of boutiques and cafes, the Prenzlauer Berg, had not faced the damage of WW II bombings and resoration of this part has been relatively easier. This flurry of restoration and activity has caused a spiraling effect in the real estate market with sharp increase in prices as well inconveniences of living around construction sites for Berliners. Most famous buildings of Berlin have been restored in this process. Reichstag got a new glass dome topped with the Eagle (national symbol) replacing the old imperial hunter. The Oranienburger Strasse synagogue

The Oranienburger Strasse synagogue (also known as Neue Synagoge Berlin-Centrum Judaicum/The New Synagogue), bombed beyond salvage by Allied bombers, has been restored to its old splendor. Likewise, Berlin Cathedral and the five state museums on Museum Island have been restored to their original glory. The natural beauty of Berlin has been enhanced with the few gardens and farms covering about 1/3rd of the total area, which further beautifies the city.

The Berlin Tourist Information Center, Europa Center handles all information regarding Berlin in general and Hotel bookings. The best and easier way to access the information is from the site www.berlin-tourism.de.

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A NIGHT OF SPECIAL EFFECTS

Valentines Day isnt all about giving presents, kisses and making love declarations. In order to be somewhat more effective there has to be created a romantic atmosphere everywhere the lovers will go. And especially when the evening comes and a romantic dinner just has to take place.
You have to prepare early and let your imagination go wild. And this is all so you two will be able to express freely on Valentines Day.

What is the thing you need the most to create the desired effects?

Candles Lots of them Of different colors and dimensions The predominant color has to be red, the color that is considered to be the color of love. They can be placed anywhere in the room: near the windows so their light would seem to come from out there somewhere, on the nightstands, on the desk and in every other corner of your room.

Its going to be a long dinner and a long evening, so the candles will have to burn a long time. Pick candles in small bowls or if you choose bigger bowls you can let them burn without any worries: they will burn but nothing else will catch fire around them. INCLUDEPICTURE “http://www.eva.ro/images/parts/px-trans.gif” * MERGEFORMATINET 
 If you cant agree with candles, pick then some scarves to throw over the light sources. They have to be colored, preferably red, but they can also come in the color you both like. Keep in mind that the material they are made of must not have plastic fibers in it so that it wont heat and you can eat your dinner without having to worry about them. If scarves are chosen, the light will be softer and the room invaded with many effects.

Dont forget the aromatherapy bowls and the perfumed sticks. Your loved one will appreciate if you will use his or hers favorite scent. If you like more the perfume of fresh flowers, pick a discreet bouquet of your favorite ones and place them somewhere around.

Keep in mind that dinner must be something you both like and has to last longer. So, pick different food types and a desert that seems appropriate. The desert would have to have some hearts or cupids design on it if possible. If you dont cook, order food early and make sure it gets delivered right on time.

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Two small meals or a big one?

More research institutes finalized some studies that determined the reevaluation of recommendations regarding the way adult healthy cats should be fed. Animals from the group of Felis, a group that includes our domestic cat, usually hunt little animals, birds and amphibians which are the main meal of they day.

Such a hunted specimen, weighting almost 30g, gives about 2 kcal/g (about 60 kcal/animal). To cover the daily portion of calories, a cat has to hunt 5 such animals, in a natural environment, and this quantity will be consumed in several meals. Basically, it has been pointed that most cats are active evenings and nights, feeding themselves respectively with small portions during these periods.

Indigestion appeared at some animals from the study group and it was manifested by small skin spots. Further tests proved that it is better for a cat to eat several meals a day rather than one big meal. It is assumed that a rich meal that fills up the stomach at maximum capacity won’t be completely processed because the gastric juice is not enough to cover it, so part of the food says in the stomach until more gastric juice is secreted. The aliments left in the stomach will start to degrade until they cause skin eruptions.

During the daily test, each daily portion of 100g was split up into two meals, one in the morning and one in the evening. Previously, the cats ate one single portion of 100g in the evening. This portion included: veal meat, lam meat, rabbit meat and chicken.

After the first day, with two portions, no indigestion symptoms appeared. The feeding process was officially followed for two month and give good results, but still the Institute Feline Future feels that in a house with one or two cats the food should be split up three daily meals.

Still, the three daily meal programs were not implemented for the healthy adult cats. This is a way to feed sick or old cats to allow them to properly ingest the food they are given. If your cat is a young adult, you can feed her twice a day with no problems at all as long as the meals are properly split and they contain just what a cat needs, not more food because if two big portions are given daily to a cat then the risk of getting her sick is double.

Patience is learnt OVER time

Being a parent is most definitely one of the most important patience tests. They say patience is a virtue, it is true – but this comment makes you think patience is a quality that only a few chosen ones have. In fact, patience is learnt over time even if some parents don’t do well on this chapter at first. But, with a little effort, any parent can learn to be patient and to amuse himself over some situations that not so long ago annoyed him.

Firstly, you have to learn to have patience with yourself. Do not blame yourself for everything and show tolerance – without falling into the trap of self-content. Happily for children, adults are mature persons and know, most of the times, to keep their nerves under control. Don’t raise your voice and impose your wills with a calm but firm tone, no matter the problem.

Generally, try not to think about tomorrow and don’t let yourself become overwhelmed with perspective problems. Focus only on immediate problems, because if you do otherwise you will only worry a lot more and you will get upset easier.

A lower stress level will definitely inflict more patience on your side. Also, try to explain the child, calmly, what is it you are expecting of him and the ways he can rise up to your expectations. Restrain from blaming him. And if we already are on the subject of expectations, it is essential not to ask of him more than he can give you, based on his age.

Children sometimes seem to try on purpose to test the limits of their parents’ patience. If you fell this is what your little one does, ask yourself what might push him to this. Maybe he is trying to cover some frustration, maybe he wants revenge for a moment when you were unfair or maybe he feels neglected and he’s only trying to get your attention.

Maybe it would be best if you look at the problem from his point of view for a change: if he won’t learn to be himself a patient person, then he probably won’t try to help you anyhow on this.

To make your child become a patient person you can:

• Play with him interactive games – this will teach him to wait until his turn comes.

• Read to him thick books and long stories, leaving to follow-up for the next evening. Do not give in to his pleads to find out the ending in the same evening.

• Teach him to plant a tree or to take care of a flower – then he will learn to be patient until he sees the results of his work.

• If he wants a bike, give money, a little a time, and tell him to save them for that bike. Of course you will be the one that will give him the present, but your child will learn to have patience and, at the same time, the value of money.

Famous Diamonds

Around the world there are many diamonds that have been talked about or written about in various stories and official documents. Famous diamonds are part of our world’s history, and have been found in various parts of the world, by all types of people. From royalty to the gods, famous diamonds are often as well known as the people who owned them.

For centuries diamonds, famous diamonds or otherwise, were used in the armor of warriors and the crowns of our kings and queens as a symbol of fearlessness.

The Mountain of Light

One of the few oval shaped famous diamonds, the “mountain of light” was first mentioned in the year 1304. It weighed an astounding 186 carats, and it is said that the diamond was set in the peacock throne of Shah Jehan as an eye of one of the peacock’s.

During Queen Victoria’s reign, the famous diamonds shape was altered a bit and it was recut to weigh 108.93 carats. The diamond is currently one of the British Crown Jewels.

The Orloff

When the Orloff diamond was found, it was said that it weighed around 300 carats. This gemstone of the famous diamonds is held at the Diamond Treasury of the former Soviet Union located in Moscow.

A story about the Orloff claims that the diamond was actually placed in the eye of a god, in the temple of Sri Rangen, which is how it became known as one of the world’s famous diamonds.

The Regent

Before this incredibly large diamond of the famous diamonds was cut it weighed 410 carats! Originally called “The Pitt”, after the English Prime Minister, William Pitt, it was cut into a rounded shape and consisted of more than 140 carats.

In 1717, the diamond was sold to the Duke of Orleans, Regent of France. It was then that the diamond was renamed “The Regent”. When Louis XV had his coronation, the stone was set into his crown.

When the French Revolution ended, “The Regent” was owned by Napoleon Bonaparte, and was placed into the hilt of Bonaparte’s sword.

Currently, the diamond is on display for all to enjoy in the Louvre.

The Blue Hope

The most well known of all famous diamonds, the Blue Hope is currently in the Smithsonian Institution located in the state of Washington. It was owned by Louis XIV, and at the time was called “the blue diamond of the crown”.

Sometime during the French Revolution, the Blue Hope diamond was stolen. It was later found in London in the year 1830, where it was later purchased by Henry Philip Hope. The blue hope diamond received it’s name from this individual, as well as it’s reputation for causing bad luck to those who owned it. While Henry Philip Hope owned the precious blue diamond, each of his family members died in extreme poverty.

Continuing with the bad luck, a later owner of the Blue Hope, Mr. Edward McLean also lost many family members to poverty while he possessed the diamond.

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Business meetings

A lot of businessmen pass through different trials during the period they are dealing with the launch and development of their company. Even if you are used to daily meetings, you will discover that for business meetings with clients and for signing contracts you need lots of strategies and abilities.
 You have to collect supplementary information. A simple phone call can anticipate the needs of your client. You have to learn more about them and prepare yourself for that face-to-face meeting learning more about the clients company. Then create a list that has on it all the benefits your services will bring him.

The objective has to be realistic. The experts calculated that a business meeting with your clients can cost you up to several hundred dollars, depending on the domain of the business and on location. So it is important for every meeting to be convincing for the client. If you are a public relations consigliore, for instance, a realistic objective for a first meeting would be the detailed presentation of the offer.

You must present quality products. Prepare your documents printed well on quality paper. You have to bring all needed, business cards, estimative graphs, brochures, presentation materials.
 You must carefully analyze your client. All through the meeting, watch closely his behavior. Its good to notice if he is approving of your ideas or if he isnt. Pay attention to signals your client is sending and make sure to answer accordingly.

Any questions put must be well thought. A business meeting is an opportunity to discover your clients needs and to present him with the solutions. If the discussion between you two isnt equilibrated and you are the one that is doing all the talking, it means the meeting is a failure. It is important for you to put the right questions, but also to know how to listen carefully to answers.You must always go for real cases and examples. True stories can demonstrate the fact that you kept in mind your clients needs. Prepare for every quality and ability a demonstrative story. Its preferable to tell a story that talks to the client about the benefits the rest of your clients and consumers have.

Provide efficient solution and act on time! Assuming you prepared very well and you used the observations efficiently, now you have reached the moment when you can ask directly the things you are interested in. This is important and it must not be missed. Some people organize great meeting but when it comes to closing the deal they leave home bear handed. When getting to this, you must have the strength to act and go on with it.
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Interest-Only Home Equity Line of Credit

For the homeowner in search of a home equity line of credit the availability of interest-only home equity credit lines has drawn the interest of many who seek to benefit from the value of their homes. The name itself sounds too good to be true. A look at the details could cause the homeowner to think twice before seeking an interest-only home equity line of credit. Or those same details might spur the homeowner to contemplate yet another home equity line of credit.
 
Banks tend to offer the homeowner more than one-way to obtain an interest only home equity line of credit. One bank for example has advertised the existence of one plan whereby the homeowner gives payments that cover the Prime plus 5% for five years. Then in the next ten years, the homeowner pays a floating interest rate, a rate that is determined by the Prime rate.
 
Yet that same bank also offers an alternate way for obtaining an interest only home equity line of credit. Under this alternate procedure the homeowner pays 5.75% APR for one year. Then after that first year the homeowner faces an increase of ¼ % each year until the rate is 6.75% APR. In the sixth year of this particular line of credit the homeowner pays 6.65% every month until the credit line has been paid off.
 
The homeowner should also consider some of the other approaches to the offering of a home equity line of credit. For example, some banks will offer a draw period at the start of the period of the credit line. During this draw period, the homeowner can withdraw funds for making advances, for repaying advances or for advancing the line of credit. The draw period is followed by a period of repayment.
 
Each type of home equity line of credit offers the homeowner a way to reap added benefits from the existing credit line. For example, the homeowner could choose to increase the insurance deductibles, knowing that a line of credit had been made available. The higher deductibles would guarantee a decrease in the premium payments on the insurance policy.
 
A home equity line of credit could also be used to buy discount credit cards at a store of the homeowner’s choosing. In addition, the possession of a home equity line of credit gives the homeowner the ability to make purchases with a Rewards credit card and to then pay the card payment with the check obtained through the credit line.
 
Once the homeowner has negotiated all of the intricacies of a home equity line of credit then that homeowner is ready to use multiple economic tactics in order to make more money from what he has available. He will be ready to prove the old saying: You have to have money to make money.

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Factors to look at when considering a car loan Car loans are the loans that are available for buying cars, buying which is otherwise not very feasible for people. These loans make it really easy for customers to make their dream of buying the luxury car, they have been eyeing for long, come true. These loans are very much accessible to the customers, which makes it really convenient for them. And its also available on easy terms with easy low interests involved. Car loans are loans with need much consideration by the customers and only then they should be settled upon. There are several factors that should be analyzed in detail before taking any kind of decision regarding considering a car loan. If the individual needs to buy a new car from the market, a reliable one, and then the individual should inquire about all the minute details regarding the car, the benefits he is supposed to enjoy after buying a new car, benefits like a good and long warranty period. Buying new car also decreases the hassles of dealing with the existing or the previous owner. But for all these enticing benefits, the individual has to pay a huge lump-sum for buying the new car. Buying an old car is much more economical than buying a new one. The customer gets offers involving great prices which are very much affordable for the customer. Other benefits involved with buying old cars are that the depreciation that accrues has already been charged and is no less good than any other trustable car. Grabbing loan for financing a new car can be much more profitable if the vehicle is going to be used for leasing out. Leasing out the vehicle can actually reduce the amount of monthly payments since the individual earns from leasing the vehicle, the burden of paying back the installments slackens its tight noose on the drawer of such loan. But taking loan for buying a vehicle, which is supposed to be used for leasing, involves much more legal formalities. But besides all these things and information it will be really important, that the individual consults about these with his accountant. For taking car loans, the past records of the credits of the individual are checked. People with a strong credit background need not pay much as interest for their loans but for the people with weak or bad credit background need to pay higher auto loan interest rates. The credit scores are also the determining factor for deciding on any car loan that is to be considered. x ? )=>?h^h0Lhn
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